| 
      
	   | 
    
   	
	        
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS
   | 
         
        
          2014 legislative session was "largely successful" for MnDOT | 
         
        
          By Shalini Chandra, Government Affairs 
            
              
                  
                    From left, Scott Peterson, Government Affairs director; Shalini Chandra, legislative assistant on mobility from the Bridge Office, and Erik Rudeen, state legislative liaison; discuss transportation bills that were passed by the Legislature during the 2014 session. Photo by Rich Kemp  | 
               
             
            Minnesota’s unprecedented  legislative session came to a close on Friday, May 16. It started with the  Unsession, an attempt to encourage state agencies and legislators to eliminate  unnecessary or redundant laws, rules and regulations to make state  government more efficient. Despite the late start in February, the session adjourned  earlier than scheduled with significant accomplishments achieved during the  short months.  
               
              Transportation was  a focus at the Capitol this session with the crumbling state of  infrastructure brought to light by the severe winter. Legislation that proposed  a gross receipts motor fuel tax didn’t move up through the committee process,  but re-fueled discussion about the need for sustainable funding. Transportation  safety drove legislative efforts and bills were passed to enhance workzone and  railroad safety.  
 
While no  long-term transportation funding solution was enacted, some transportation  needs were addressed through the capital investment bills, which came in two  pieces: an $846 million bonding bill, with $57 million dedicated to  transportation, and a $200 million cash bill, with $52 million dedicated to transportation. 
 
“This  session was largely successful for MnDOT,” said Commissioner Charlie Zelle. “We  look forward to continuing the discussion about transportation funding needs  and experiencing a more successful session next year.” 
 
The final capital  investment bills include:  
            
              - $54 million for local roads
 
              - $33 million for local bridges 
 
              - $5 million for the Range Regional  Airport
 
              - $4.4 million for the Willmar headquarters  reconstruction
 
              - $3.6 million for the Little Falls truck  station
 
              - $2.2 million for the International  Falls Airport
 
              - $2 million for railroad grade crossings 
 
              - $2 million for port development assistance
 
              - $1.5 million for greater Minnesota transit 
 
              - $1 million for Safe Routes to School
 
             
            In addition, the Legislature used a portion of the surplus for  a supplemental budget bill. Total funds appropriated for transportation for the  biennium are approximately $136 million. Some of the appropriations include: 
            
              - $31.5 million for Corridors of  Commerce
 
              - $30 million for winter maintenance  costs
 
              - $6.5 million for Greater Minnesota transit
 
              - $3 million for program planning and  delivery
 
              - $2 million for railroad grade  crossings
 
              - $625,000 for work zone safety  initiatives
 
             
            As part of  the Unsession, MnDOT proposed to eliminate and modernize redundant and obsolete  provisions. Language also was enacted for efficient and cost effective  projects, such as removal of the length limit for certain highway projects  between states, and allowing a one-week bid advertisement period for some trunk  highway contracts.  
                
              Along with  the two Unsession bills, MnDOT also proposed a housekeeping bill that proposed  technical changes, provided bridge inspection authority and modified u-turn  rules for large vehicles, among other things. A bridge on Hwy 60 is named the Michael  Duane Clickner Memorial Bridge, a general purpose lane is required for I-494  between Hwy 55 to I-94, and farm vehicle language is modified to comply with the  federal MAP-21 law. 
               
              Throughout  the session, MnDOT emphasized efficiencies in construction projects including $50 million  in savings that was detailed in a previous Newsline article and mentioned in the Governor’s State  of the State address.  
           | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
  
	  
	
	      
       
       | 
      
        
            |         
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Executive Team reestablishes agency manager rotation program   | 
         
        
          A group of MnDOT managers will participate in a new  iteration of the agency’s Manager Rotation Program beginning in June, according  to Sue Mulvihill, deputy commissioner and chief engineer. 
            Mulvihill and Tracy Hatch, deputy commissioner, chief  financial officer and chief operating officer, announced the program to  employees May 28 via email. 
            First introduced in 2004, the rotation program provides  established MnDOT managers with the opportunity to broaden their knowledge of  the agency by working in an area they might not otherwise have a chance to  experience, Mulvihill said.  
            “The program benefits both MnDOT and individual managers by  helping prepare participants to compete for higher levels of responsibilities,  if interested,” she said, noting that the program is part of MnDOT’s ongoing strategic  staffing efforts to address anticipated workforce changes that include the  retirement of experienced senior managers during the next several years. 
            Managers participating in the first round of the rotation  program are: 
            
              - Bev Farraher, Metro  District, who will take on the role of bridge construction and maintenance engineer  in the Bridge Office
 
              - John Griffith, Metro  District, who will serve as the maintenance engineer for District 3
 
              - Maureen Jensen,  Materials & Road Research, who will become the assistant office director  for Freight and Commercial Vehicle Operations
 
              - Steve Lund,  Maintenance, who will serve as the pavement engineer in Materials & Road Research
 
              - Tom O’Keefe, Metro  District, who will become state maintenance engineer and Office of Maintenance  director
 
              - Brad Skow, Metro  District, who will be the pre-letting engineer in Project Management &  Technical Support
 
              - Tom Styrbicki, Bridge,  who will serve as the Program Delivery Office director in Metro District
 
              - Val Svensson, Project  Management & Technical Support, who will be the design support engineer in  Project Management & Technical Support
 
              - Curt Turgeon, will  assume the responsibilities of maintenance engineer in Metro District
 
              - Nancy Yoo, Project  Management & Technical Support, will oversee Program Delivery Efficiency  Measures (a new position) for District Operations in Central Office            
 
             
            “Having  participated in a couple of manager rotations myself (Labor Relations director  and Human Resources director), I can vouch for how valuable these experiences  can be,” said Mulvihill. “You can 'try on' a job for a while, get the  experience and build new relationships while learning more about yourself and  the organization.   
            “Of  course, it is not always easy to leave your current position behind, but the  opportunity is not something a person should pass up,” she said. “I highly  recommend that folks consider rotations, mobility assignments and job exchanges  whenever they can.” 
            The rotation assignments are expected to last between six  months and a year, with participants, supervisors, senior leadership and Human  Resource staff evaluating the program throughout its duration.  
            Hatch said that if the program goes as well as anticipated,  other employees will be given similar opportunities in the future.  
            “MnDOT is a respected organization, made strong by the  people who manage the day-to-day activities that help us provide a safe and  reliable transportation system for all Minnesotans. Broadening the program  participants’ knowledge of MnDOT will help the agency become even stronger and,  ultimately, more efficient in accomplishing our mission,” she said.  | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
  
		  
		
		      
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          MnDOT uses old-fashioned methods to reach Amish about road construction | 
         
        
          |  
             By Mike Dougherty, District 6 public affairs coordinator 
            
              
                  
                    An Amish buggy moves along Hwy 52 near the Iowa border. The stretch of highway is also known as the Amish Buggy Byway. Photo courtesy of the Agri  News  | 
               
             
            Fillmore  County in southeastern Minnesota is home to the state’s two largest Amish  communities, which also use the Amish Buggy Byway – a stretch along Hwy 52  near the Iowa border – to travel for trade, worship and shopping. 
               
When a  traditional mill and overlay project was scheduled for a 10-mile stretch of Hwy  52 near Harmony, MnDOT had to find an alternative way to communicate with one  of the groups that use the road. The Amish don’t use modern communications  technology, but Dave Redig, east District 6 maintenance supervisor, and Brian  Wolfgram, the Stewartville sub-area supervisor, had the solution: connect with  the Amish via tour guides who visit their farms in Fillmore County.  
            MnDOT  resorted to old-fashioned methods of word of mouth and connecting where people  gather. In a letter that was distributed to Amish farms and markets where they  sell Amish goods, the contractor on the project, Mathy Construction of  Onalaska, Wis., outlined the project, timelines and anticipated  disruptions. Tour guides, who have an established relationship with the farmers,  distributed the letters.  
            “People who  use the roadways can make better plans when we’re able to reach them with the  information,” said Jeff Bunch, construction project manager. “It’s safer for  everyone.” 
            The Minnesota Legislature marked Hwy 52, from its  intersection with Hwy 44 near Prosper to its intersection with Hwy 16 east of  Preston, as the Amish Buggy Byway.  The green signs show a buggy and include the words Amish Byway. The byway signs have been in place since 1996. The  shoulders are wider and thicker than traditional highway shoulders so the  surface can withstand the regular traffic of horse-drawn buggies. 
            The  $3.2 million project began at the Iowa border and is progressing toward Harmony  approximately 2.5 to 3 miles per day. The milling and paving work is expected  to be completed by the end of June.  | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
		
		
		      
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Projects help congestion on Twin Cities  freeways hold steady as population increases | 
         
        
          By Nick Carpenter, Metro District public affairs coordinator 
            Congestion on freeways in the  Twin Cities area is holding steady even as the population of the  seven-county metro area continues to increase.  
               
The 2013 Metropolitan Freeway System Congestion Report shows the percentage of congested freeways decreased 1.5 percent last  year.  
 
Twin Cities congestion rates and estimated population  
            
              - 2013—19.9  percent congested; population at 2.95  million 
 
              - 2012—21.4  percent; 2.91 million 
 
              - 2011—21  percent; 2.87 million 
 
              - 2010—21.5  percent; 2.85 million 
 
             
            
              
                  
                  The Hwy 169/Interstate 494 interchange project used design techniques to reduce congestion, while saving approximately $30 million to $40 million in construction costs. Photo by David Gonzalez | 
               
             
            “In addition to providing a safe  and modern transportation system, one of our primary goals is to make sure the  system is reliable and efficient,” said Commissioner Charlie Zelle. “By reducing congestion and  increasing the reliability of our transportation system, we all will experience  shorter travel times and cost savings through reduced fuel use.” 
               
              MnDOT completed several projects in 2012 aimed at improving traffic flow  in the Twin Cities, including:  
            
              - Hwy 169/Interstate  494 interchange in the Bloomington, Edina and Eden Prairie—MnDOT used a  performance-based design to rebuild the interchange with six ramps instead of  the traditional eight. Crews also connected the north  and south frontage roads under Hwy 169 and removed traffic signals to reduce congestion. These improvements addressed  more than 90 percent of motorists’ needs while saving approximately $30 million  to $40 million in construction costs. 
 
              - I-94 Smart Lanes—Crews installed Smart Lane  technology to provide real-time travel alerts to I-94 motorists traveling  between Minneapolis and St. Paul. The electronic signs display notices about  crashes, merges, closed lanes and other advisories to help manage traffic.
 
              - I-694/Hwy 10/I-35W in Arden Hills and Mounds  View—MnDOT completed a portion of the multi-year I-694  North Central project. Work included construction of two new bridges to  carry Hwy 10 and Ramsey County Road 10 traffic over I-35W. Crews also widened  the Lexington Avenue Bridge over I-694. The bridge features new left turn  lanes, an improved signal system, and widened ramps to and from the freeway to  improve traffic flow.
 
             
            “These projects provide a  sampling of several strategies we have in place to manage congestion and address  growing travel demand,” Zelle  said.  
               
              Congestion management strategies 
            
              - Active  Traffic Management—an advanced system of cameras, traffic sensors, ramp meters,  overhead electronic message signs, Smart Lanes, and real-time travel  information including www.511mn.org and www.mndot.gov. MnDOT also operates a Freeway Incident Response  Safety Team that minimizes  congestion and prevents secondary crashes through the rapid response and removal  of incidents. 
 
              - Strategic  capacity enhancements—additional capacity improvements in certain locations  including added traffic lanes, bus-only shoulders, dynamic shoulder lanes or  interchange capacity improvements.
 
              - Low-cost,  high-return improvements—projects that improve flow by relieving bottlenecks on  freeways and arterials, improving geometric design and addressing safety  hazards. Some of these improvements enhance capacity by adding short auxiliary  lanes and others focus on system management. In some cases, flexible design  principles are used to optimize the use of available pavement and right of way. 
 
              - MnPASS—express  lanes that provide a congestion-free option during rush hour for those who ride  express transit, carpool or pay an electronic fee. These lanes help move people  more efficiently through a highway corridor by improving traffic flow in  adjacent lanes and allowing for transit services to travel at higher speeds.
 
             
            Several projects aimed at  reducing congestion in the Twin Cities are currently under way or  scheduled to begin this year. 
               
              2014 congestion reducing projects 
            
              - Hwy 610 in Maple Grove—Work will begin this fall to  realign and extend Hwy 610 from its current location at Hennepin County Road 81  and Elm Creek Boulevard to I-94 in Maple Grove. The project will reduce  congestion by increasing highway capacity. www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/projects/610west/index.html.
 
                 
               
              - I-35E in St. Paul—Work on this multi-year project  includes adding MnPASS lanes from downtown St. Paul to Little Canada Road. The  lanes will offer reliable travel options for the public and can move 50 percent  more traffic than regular lanes during congested rush hour periods. The new  MnPASS lanes are scheduled to open in late 2015. www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/projects/35estpaul/mnpass.html.
 
                 
               
              - Hwy 101 in Rogers—Crews are replacing the standard  signalized intersection at Hwy 101 and County Road 144 with a diverging diamond  interchange to improve traffic flow. Diverging diamond interchanges cut  overall traffic delays up to 60 percent. www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/projects/hwy101countyroad144/
 
                 
               
              - I-35E  park-and-rides—Crews will begin constructing two new park-and-rides this summer  and fall along I-35E in Lino Lakes and Vadnais Heights. The new park-and-rides  will provide more transit options for north metro commuters and in turn, help  reduce congestion.
 
             
            To view the complete 2013  Metropolitan Freeway System Congestion Report, visit www.mndot.gov/rtmc/reports/congestionreport2013.pdf.   | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
 
		
		   
	      
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          District 7 gets creative in tracking EFE progress | 
         
        
          
		  
            
              
                 Commissioner Charlie Zelle stopped by MnDOT’s Mankato headquarters May 28 and checked out the district’s Enhancing Financial Effectiveness scorecard, “Hooked on Finance,” which includes fish labeled with ways to be more efficient. For more information about MnDOT’s overall EFE efforts, see http://ihub/efe/. 
Zelle was touring southern Minnesota with Sen. Amy Klobuchar to talk about Hwy 14 and other transportation issues with area constituents. Photo by Kevin Gutknecht 
                   | 
                 
                | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
  
	
	  
	      
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Sheila Kauppi named Metro District north area manager | 
         
        
          
            
              
                  
                  Sheila Kauppi takes over as the Metro District north area manager June 4. Photo courtesy of Frogpad Studios  | 
               
             
            The Metro District has selected Sheila Kauppi as  the north area manager, effective June 4.  
               
“We’re very excited to have Sheila serve the north area,” said Scott McBride,  Metro District engineer. “She has enhanced MnDOT’s relationships with Metro  District south area communities and has overseen many projects such as: Hwy 13/Hwy  5, Hwy 169/Hwy 69 and the Hwy 101 Flood Mitigation project.” 
            Kauppi has been with MnDOT for 15  years. During that time she held positions  such as traffic support engineer, assistant preliminary bridge plans engineer,  bridge hydraulic design engineer  and currently, south area  manager. 
            Kauppi received her Bachelor of Science  degree in civil engineering from North Dakota State University.  
               
            She can be reached at 651-234-7718 or by email at sheila.kauppi@state.mn.us.  | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
		
		
		      
       
       | 
      
        
            |         
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Transportation research conference held in St.Paul | 
         
        
          By Nick Busse, Research Services & Library 
            
              
                  
                  Linda Taylor, Research Services & Library director; and Mark Nelson, Data Analysis director; answer questions at a session on transportation pooled-fund research projects at the Center for Transportation Studies Research Conference May 21. Photo by Nick Busse  | 
               
             
            More frequent extreme weather events and shifting  demographic trends will require transportation agencies to innovate and adapt  to an increasingly unpredictable future. 
              That was the keynote message at the 25th annual Center for Transportation Studies Research  Conference in St. Paul May 21 and 22. 
              MnDOT and local transportation officials joined researchers  to share lessons learned from a wide range of research projects. They also  heard from a pair of experts on how future climate and social changes will  likely expose vulnerabilities in transportation systems. 
              “Transportation officials face growing unpredictability in  everything from climate change to driverless vehicle technology to changing  preferences in where people live and how much they drive,” said John Njord, a  consultant and former Utah DOT executive director. “The reality is, I don't  think anybody knows the true answer of what is going to take place. But  something is happening ... and it's different from anything that's happened  before." 
              Joe Casola, a scientist with the Center for Climate and  Energy Solutions, highlighted the need to make transportation systems more  resilient in the face of more frequent heavy rainfalls and extreme temperatures. 
              Numerous MnDOT research projects were showcased at the  conference, including a variety of traffic safety innovations, MnROAD projects,  and environmental and economic development initiatives. Presentation slides and  materials will be made available on the CTS website in the coming  weeks; in the meantime, some photos and highlights have been posted on the Crossroads  blog and the MnDOT Research Facebook  page. 
              MnDOT Chief of Staff Eric Davis told conference attendees  that closing the state’s transportation funding gap would require more than  just raising new revenues — it would require new ways of thinking and doing  things. 
            "Research is vital to our program. It's vital to our  success as a department," said Davis.  | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
		
	   	
	        
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Beth Petrowske receives communications award for Blatnik Bridge event | 
         
        
          By Rich Kemp
             
              
                  
                  From left: Janine Hill, Minnesota Association of Government Communicators president, presents Beth Petrowske, District 1 public affairs coordinator, with a Northern Lights award at a ceremony May 15 for the Blatnik Bridge Lighting special event. Photo by Yvonne Klinnert, Washington County  | 
               
             
           
             
            The Minnesota Association of  Government Communicators awarded Beth Petrowske, District 1 public affairs  coordinator, with a 2014 Northern Lights Award of Excellence for  the Blatnik Bridge Lighting special event last fall. The award was presented at  a ceremony May 15. 
            MAGC sponsors the Northern Lights Awards  annually to recognize outstanding work in government communications. 
            Petrowske  planned the event to celebrate the completion of the Blatnik Bridge  rehabilitation project and the new lighting system. Commissioner Charlie Zelle  and Duane Hill, district engineer for District 1, participated in the lighting  ceremony. 
            “The  Blatnik Bridge Rehabilitation project affected many peoples’ commutes for two  years,” said Hill. “Beth’s public relations program was important in keeping  people informed. The Turn on the  Lights event was a great finale. Beth worked hard to make the  celebration one that people will remember.” 
               
              In  2012, the major rehabilitation project began on the bridge. The plan included  removal of an obsolete lighting system that followed the contours of the  bridge’s arched superstructure. MnDOT and WisDOT partnered on a new,  energy-efficient lighting system and shared all costs. 
               
              While the  bulk of the bridge work focused on improving the structural integrity, months  of planning went into the redesign of the new LED lighting system. 
               
              The new  system has many advantages over the original system including an almost 60  percent energy savings, reduced glare for motorists, along with increased  protection from snow and roadway salt spray. 
            Click here to  watch a video of the lighting ceremony. | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
  
	  
	
	      
       
       | 
      
        
            |         
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          On the Job: Commercial vehicle investigator Mike McKay keeps roads, passengers safe | 
         
        
          By Greg Ruhland, Office of Freight and Commercial Vehicle Operations  
              
                
                    
                      MnDOT inspector Mike McKay looks at a Metro Mobility vehicle, which is a Special Transportation Service, during a May 17 saturation at International Market Square in Minneapolis. Inspections of 28 vehicles resulted in 29 equipment and driver violations. Photo by Greg Ruhland  | 
                 
               
              Each year, MnDOT’s passenger commercial vehicle investigators  perform safety audits of more than 450  limousines and 375 passenger carriers licensed in Minnesota.  Working as a team, and sometimes with the Minnesota State  Patrol and other law enforcement agencies, they ensure that drivers, companies and  vehicles are operating within state and federal safety regulations.  
                 
Mike McKay is one of 11 MnDOT investigators of passenger  carriers throughout the state. McKay is a transportation program team leader  who has more than 45 years in the industry, spanning both public and private  sectors.  
 
What types of investigator are there?  
Although we focus mainly on inspections at a carrier’s place  of business, we do a limited number of inspections annually for certification  purposes. Some passenger vehicles are inspected at a point of origin or  destination such as a prom, ball game, or other special event. 
 
Sometimes inspections are triggered by a customer or citizen  complaint. In that case, we ask the carrier or driver for driving qualification  files, hours of service records, maintenance files and drug and alcohol testing  program records. 
 
What do you look for during an inspection? 
We make sure the driver holds a valid permit, and the permit  number is “conspicuously displayed” on the vehicle. If the vehicle is a  limousine, it should be operating under the same carrier name as on the permit,  display a valid decal on the windshield, have proper insurance and a record of  annual inspections.  
 
We also inspect the mechanical components of each vehicle  such as the suspension, steering, frame, exhaust and tires to ensure that they  are in good working order. Inspection ramps are used to inspect these  components on a motor coach. Wheeled  creepers are used to complete the inspections performed on limos and buses. We  check other safety items, such as a working phone to use in the event of an  emergency, fire extinguisher, and emergency reflective triangles.  
 
Any recent findings that stand out?  
At a May 17 passenger saturation – an event which allows  several vehicle inspections to be performed at once – MnDOT staff performed 28  passenger vehicle inspections at the Mall of America in Bloomington and  International Market Square in Minneapolis.  
 
By the end  of the night, 29 equipment and driver violations were discovered, and two  vehicles and two drivers were placed out-of-service. We were assisted by  members of the Minnesota State Patrol, who cited six underage prom-goers  for minor alcohol consumption.  
              Do you ever pull vehicles over? 
                MnDOT does not pull vehicles over for an inspection, and  hasn’t for decades. That’s why our vehicles have yellow lights instead of red  lights and sirens. 
                 
  What do you do when you’re not performing  inspections? 
                We focus on responding to passenger complaints,  providing customer support for questions regarding passenger laws and  regulations, and providing subject matter expert support for communication and  training. 
                 
  Anything else we should know? 
                The  Office of Freight and Commercial Vehicle Operations keeps ratings of companies  that transport people in Minnesota, which tells consumers whether or not that  company has adequate safety management practices in place. Companies with  qualified drivers and well-maintained vehicles in good working order receive higher  ratings. It’s always a good idea to check a company’s safety record before  renting a party bus, limousine or motor coach. 
   
  Do you or a co-worker have an  interesting job to share with readers? Click here to send us your ideas, and we’ll contact you  for more information. 
  Recent employee profiles: 
               | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
   
		 
		   
	      
       
       | 
      
        
            | 
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Environmental Stewardship group cleans up Hwy 5 right of way in state park | 
         
        
          
            
              
                  
                  Office of Environmental Stewardship staffers stepped away from their desks May 20 to "walk the talk" of their office's mission, which includes protecting and preserving the quality of Minnesota's environment. The group tackled a section in Fort Snelling State Park, concentrating on the Hwy 5 right of way and detention ponds. Photo by David Larson   | 
               
             
               | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
  
		 
		
		      
       
       | 
      
        
            |         
          TABLE of CONTENTS 
              | 
         
        
          Tools on the Web – project pages | 
         
        
          By Libby Schultz 
            
              
                  
                  Example of a project page on the MnDOT website.  | 
               
                         MnDOT project pages have valuable information about current  and future construction projects in the Twin Cities and Greater Minnesota.  
             
Each page has information about traffic impacts, a summary  of the work, location, benefits and a schedule. Some pages have pictures of  ongoing construction, renderings of the final outcome – like the St. Croix  Crossing page – and a map of planned  detours. 
 
There is also an opportunity to sign up for project email  updates through Constant  Contact. When there is an update to a project, like a detour or closure, an  email is sent to everyone on the project list. 
 
Project pages can be found by selecting a specific highway,  project or region on the Current or Future construction  pages.   | 
         
        
            | 
         
              | 
    
		
		
	    
	
      |   | 
      
       |